These inhibitors can be characterized chemically as inorganic oxides silicates, phosphates, borates, etc. Because these inhibitor systems are depleted by forming a protective layer, conventional green coolants need to be changed at regular biennial intervals, typically every two years.
Diverse technologies have been developed to protect engines from corrosion. In Europe, problems with hard water minerals forced coolant technologies to be phosphate-free. Calcium and magnesium, minerals found in hard water, react with phosphate inhibitors to form calcium or magnesium phosphate, which typically leads to scale formation on hot engine surfaces. This could lead to loss of heat transfer or corrosion under the scale. To replace phosphates, conventional European coolants contain a mix of inorganic oxides like silicates and inhibitors called carboxylates.
Carboxylates provide corrosion protection by chemically interacting at the metallic corrosion sites, rather than by forming a layer of inhibitors that cover the total surface. The mix of carboxylates and silicates is also called a hybrid technology because it is a mix of conventional inorganic technology and fully carboxylate or organic technology.
European engine coolants exist in various colors; typically each manufacturer requires a different color. Figure 1. In Asia, problems with water pump seals and poor heat transfer have led to the ban of coolants containing silicate. To provide protection, most coolants contain a mix of carboxylates and inorganic inhibitors like phosphates. These coolants are hybrids. They are distinct from the European hybrids due to the lack of silicates.
Coolants from Asian OEMs can be a variety of colors including red, orange and green. Extended-life carboxylate-based coolants were developed to be globally acceptable and provide superior performance over existing technologies. This technology is also known as organic additive technology OATs. Because full carboxylate coolants have no silicates, they meet the stringent requirements of the Asian specifications. They also meet the European antifreeze requirements because they have no phosphates.
These engine coolants have developed international popularity due to having an unsurpassed corrosion protection for extended time intervals.
In actuality, the protection is provided by neutralized carboxylic acids called carboxylates. This distinction is important because all coolants operate in the neutral or basic pH range pH equal to or greater than 7. In fact, most coolants are made beginning with an acidic precursor, for example, conventional coolants based on phosphate start their lives as phosphoric acid.
Carboxylate inhibitors provide corrosion protection by chemically interacting with the metal surfaces where needed, not by universally laying down layers, which is the case with conventional and hybrid coolants.
The implications of this functional difference are enormous: extended life cycles, unsurpassed hightemperature aluminum protection, as well as heat transfer advantages on both hot engine surfaces and heat-rejecting radiator tubes where heat transfer is critical to optimal performance. Highquality carboxylate-based coolants have demonstrated performance of more than 32, hours in stationary engine applications without being changed.
Students are responsible for any other costs such as lab fees associated with the course. Bureau of Labor Statistics projects an annual average of 61, job openings between and Job openings include openings due to net employment changes and net replacements. Bureau of Labor Statistics projects an annual average of 43, job openings between and Bureau of Labor Statistics projects an annual average of 24, job openings between and Bureau of Labor Statistics projects an annual average of 13, job openings between and Bureau of Labor Statistics projects an annual average of 11, job openings between and Bureau of Labor Statistics projects that total national employment for Automotive Service Technicians and Mechanics will be , by Bureau of Labor Statistics projects that total national employment for Automotive Body and Related Repairers will be , by Bureau of Labor Statistics projects that total national employment for Welders, Cutters, Solderers, and Brazers will be , by Bureau of Labor Statistics projects that total national employment for Computer Numerically Controlled Tool Operators will be , by Bureau of Labor Statistics projects the national average annual job openings in each of the following occupations between and will be: Automotive Service Technicians and Mechanics, 61,; Bus and Truck Mechanics and Diesel Engine Specialists, 24,; and Welders, Cutters, Solderers, and Brazers, 43, Universal Technical Institute of Illinois, Inc.
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What Does Engine Coolant Do? How Does Engine Coolant Work? The water pump, or coolant pump, circulates coolant throughout the system. The radiator conducts heat away from the coolant. Coolant that is mixed with gas or engine oil is deemed contaminated and it cannot be recycled at regular recycling facilities. All you have to do is use your zip code and the website will give you the addresses of all nearby facilities.
And with that, you now know what antifreeze is and just about everything else about these solutions. The most important thing to remember, when using a coolant, is to follow manufacturer recommendations.
Too much is just as bad as too little since it compromises the ability of the mixture to move through the system and hence hinders its cooling capacity. Finally, although it is possible to use just water if you run out of coolant in the middle of nowhere, get your vehicle the coolant it needs as soon as you get to a gas station to prevent irremediable damage to the engine. Is it Coolant or Anti-Freeze or What? What is the Difference Between Coolant and Antifreeze? The Different Colors of Coolant.
Types of Antifreeze. What is antifreeze? What does antifreeze do? Where water fails, antifreeze works:. Dual protection with antifreeze:. So much more than just temperature control:. The difference between antifreeze and coolant. The different types of antifreeze. But, that is not the main difference. This led to red, green, blue, yellow and orange fluids. Why is antifreeze different colors? Basically, coolants come in 3 types:. Inorganic acid formula IAT :. Organic acid technology OAT :.
Hybrid organic acid technology HOAT :. Can you mix antifreeze colors? Where do you put antifreeze? The coolant system works as a simple loop. A pump will send engine coolant to your engine block when the car is running. When you first start your car, allowing the engine to warm up, the coolant will bypass the radiator. As the car heats up, the coolant system valve will allow the coolant to flow through the radiator.
Coolant is essential to preventing your engine from overheating. Your vehicle needs engine coolant to run efficiently and safely.
Over time, coolant becomes less effective. It can also protect your engine from corrosive elements and improve its performance.
What ingredients go into high-performing engine coolant? One anti-corrosive is not necessarily superior to another. Different ingredients are used to solve different issues. For example, cars made in Asia have had issues with poor heat transfer.
As a result, engine coolant for cars manufactured in Asia does not use coolants with silicates. Instead, phosphates and carboxylates fill the anti-corrosive role.
In Europe, engine coolant had to solve a different problem. Hard water, containing the minerals calcium and magnesium, had a reaction with phosphate inhibitors in engine coolant, causing scale to form on car engines. So, engine coolant for cars made in Europe does not contain phosphates. Instead, coolant designed for European cars uses silicates and carboxylates. While antifreeze is a common ingredient in engine coolant, it is not always present. You can use coolant additives without antifreeze to improve heat transfer efficiency within your engine.
Some additives can be an effective option in straight water applications. Plus, an additive like Hy-per Cool Super Coolant is compatible with nearly any type of antifreeze you are already using for your vehicle.
Different types of engine coolants are specifically engineered for different types of vehicles. Coolant varieties are categorized by name and color. You should always use the variety recommended for your car.
Six types of engine coolant are:. IAT engine coolant is green. It is made with ethylene glycol with silicate and phosphates added to prevent corrosion. As an older formula, it is not as efficient as some newer types of engine coolant. If your car requires IAT coolant, you will need to flush it and replace it approximately every two years or every 24, miles.
OAT engine coolant is made with a propylene glycol base. Organic acid technology OAT engine coolant is usually orange in color, but it can come in other colors like dark green. Always double-check the label to ensure you do not accidentally grab a color that is a different coolant type. OAT uses organic acid to help protect your engine from corrosion.
As a more modern formulation, OAT coolant only needs to be drained and changed every five years or every 50, miles. Hybrid organic acid technology is one of the three main categories of engine coolant, and it has several subcategories. HOAT coolant was traditionally yellow.
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