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Advanced Search. Search Menu. Article Navigation. Close mobile search navigation Article Navigation. Volume Article Contents Abstract. Mechanisms of cell polarization — common principles.
Generating distinct cells shapes. Cell polarization in budding and fission yeasts. Martin , Sophie G. Correspondence: Sophie G. Martin and Robert A. Oxford Academic. Robert A. Revision received:. Cite Cite Sophie G. Select Format Select format. Permissions Icon Permissions. Abstract Polarization is a fundamental cellular property, which is essential for the function of numerous cell types.
Figure 1. Open in new tab Download slide. Figure 2. Figure 3. Figure 4. CDC42 and CDC43 , two additional genes involved in budding and the establishment of cell polarity in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Google Scholar Crossref. Search ADS. Rho 1 GTPase activates the beta-D-glucan synthase and is involved in Schizosaccharomyces pombe morphogenesis.
Google Scholar PubMed. Tea3p is a cell end marker activating polarized growth in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. High rates of actin filament turnover in budding yeast and roles for actin in establishment and maintenance of cell polarity revealed using the actin inhibitor latrunculin-A. Pom1p, a fission yeast protein kinase that provides positional information for both polarized growth and cytokinesis.
A new tropomyosin essential for cytokinesis in the fission yeast S. Compartmentalization of the cell cortex by septins is required for maintenance of cell polarity in yeast.
A role for yeast oxysterol-binding protein homologs in endocytosis and in the maintenance of intracellular sterol-lipid distribution.
Actin cables and the exocyst form two independent morphogenesis pathways in the fission yeast. Fission yeast Sec3 and Exo70 are transported on actin cables and localize the exocyst complex to cell poles. Mathematical modeling of endocytic actin patch kinetics in fission yeast: disassembly requires release of actin filament fragments.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae septins: supramolecular organization of heterooligomers and the mechanism of filament assembly. Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate promotes budding yeast septin filament assembly and organization. Three-dimensional ultrastructure of the septin filament network in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Distinct levels in Pom1 gradients limit Cdr2 activity and localization to time and position division. A catalytic role for Mod5 in the formation of the Tea1 cell polarity landmark.
Reconstitution of a microtubule plus-end tracking system in vitro. Assembly of scaffold-mediated complexes containing Cdc42p, the exchange factor Cdc24p, and the effector Cla4p required for cell cycle-regulated phosphorylation of Cdc24p.
The microtubule plus end-tracking proteins mal3p and tip1p cooperate for cell-end targeting of interphase microtubules. Tea2p kinesin is involved in spatial microtubule organization by transporting tip1p on microtubules.
The role of Far1p in linking the heterotrimeric G protein to polarity establishment proteins during yeast mating. A positive feedback loop stabilizes the guanine-nucleotide exchange factor Cdc24 at sites of polarization. Rga5p is a specific Rho1p GTPase-activating protein that regulates cell integrity in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Molecular dissection of a yeast septin: distinct domains are required for septin interaction, localization, and function.
The role of Cdc42p GTPase-activating proteins in assembly of the septin ring in yeast. Pom1 kinase links division plane position to cell polarity by regulating Mid1p cortical distribution.
Cooperative interaction of S. Genetic control of bud site selection in yeast by a set of gene products that constitute a morphogenetic pathway. Patterns of bud-site selection in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Multigenerational cortical inheritance of the Rax2 protein in orienting polarity and division in yeast. Cdc42p regulation of the yeast formin Bni1p mediated by the effector Gic2p. Displacement of formins from growing barbed ends by bud14 is critical for actin cable architecture and function.
Gef1p, a new guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Cdc42p, regulates polarity in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Daughter-specific repression of Saccharomyces cerevisiae HO: Ash1 is the commander. Phospholipid accumulation during the cell cycle in synchronous cultures of the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
The Glc7p-interacting protein Bud14p attenuates polarized growth, pheromone response, and filamentous growth in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Interphase microtubule bundles use global cell shape to guide spindle alignment in fission yeast. Flippase-mediated phospholipid asymmetry promotes fast Cdc42 recycling in dynamic maintenance of cell polarity. Septin filaments exhibit a dynamic, paired organization that is conserved from yeast to mammals. MSS4, a phosphatidylinositolphosphate 5-kinase required for organization of the actin cytoskeleton in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Spatial coordination of cytokinetic events by compartmentalization of the cell cortex. Phosphorylation-dependent regulation of septin dynamics during the cell cycle. Spatial segregation of polarity factors into distinct cortical clusters is required for cell polarity control. Formin-dependent actin assembly is regulated by distinct modes of Rho signaling in yeast. Rho1p, a yeast protein at the interface between cell polarization and morphogenesis.
The Cdc42 binding and scaffolding activities of the fission yeast adaptor protein Scd2. Bni1p, a yeast formin linking cdc42p and the actin cytoskeleton during polarized morphogenesis.
Phosphatidylserine is polarized and required for proper Cdc42 localization and for development of cell polarity. Evidence for domesticated and wild populations of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Roles of the fission yeast formin for3p in cell polarity, actin cable formation and symmetric cell division. Polymerization of purified yeast septins: evidence that organized filament arrays may not be required for septin function. Establishment of a robust single axis of cell polarity by coupling multiple positive feedback loops.
Sphingoid base signaling via Pkh kinases is required for endocytosis in yeast. A yeast gene necessary for bud-site selection encodes a protein similar to insulin-degrading enzymes.
Rax1, a protein required for the establishment of the bipolar budding pattern in yeast. Rho1p-Bni1p-Spa2p interactions: implication in localization of Bni1p at the bud site and regulation of the actin cytoskeleton in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Isolation and characterization of Schizosaccharomyces pombe mutants phenotypically similar to ras1. Role of a ras homolog in the life cycle of Schizosaccharomyces pombe.
A MAP kinase-dependent actin checkpoint ensures proper spindle orientation in fission yeast. Rgf1p is a specific Rho1-GEF that coordinates cell polarization with cell wall biogenesis in fission yeast. Fission yeast rgf2p is a rho1p guanine nucleotide exchange factor required for spore wall maturation and for the maintenance of cell integrity in the absence of rgf1p.
Pheromone-induced anisotropy in yeast plasma membrane phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate distribution is required for MAPK signaling. Nuclear geometry and rapid mitosis ensure asymmetric episome segregation in yeast. Isolation and characterization of effector-loop mutants of CDC42 in yeast. Septin ring assembly involves cycles of GTP loading and hydrolysis by Cdc42p. Dynamics of Cdc42 network embodies a Turing-type mechanism of yeast cell polarity.
Centrosomal MPF triggers the mitotic and morphogenetic switches of fission yeast. Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate is required for invasive growth in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Phosphorylation of the Cdc42 exchange factor Cdc24 by the PAK-like kinase Cla4 may regulate polarized growth in yeast. Phosphatidylserine is involved in the ferrichrome-induced plasma membrane trafficking of Arn1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Probing the importance and potential roles of the binding of the PH-domain protein Boi1 to acidic phospholipids. Bud8p and Bud9p, proteins that may mark the sites for bipolar budding in yeast. Exo70 interacts with phospholipids and mediates the targeting of the exocyst to the plasma membrane. Molecular evidence for the early colonization of land by fungi and plants. Phosphatidylinositolphosphate 5-kinase localized on the plasma membrane is essential for yeast cell morphogenesis.
Negative feedback enhances robustness in the yeast polarity establishment circuit. Polarity determinants Tea1p, Tea4p, and Pom1p inhibit division-septum assembly at cell ends in fission yeast. Live cell imaging of the assembly, disassembly, and actin cable-dependent movement of endosomes and actin patches in the budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Diverse effects of beta-tubulin mutations on microtubule formation and function. Bni1p and Bnr1p: downstream targets of the Rho family small G-proteins which interact with profilin and regulate actin cytoskeleton in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Multiple functions of ergosterol in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Local exposure of phosphatidylethanolamine on the yeast plasma membrane is implicated in cell polarity.
Role of a Cdc42p effector pathway in recruitment of the yeast septins to the presumptive bud site. Functions of microtubules in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell cycle. Ergosterol promotes pheromone signaling and plasma membrane fusion in mating yeast. Cell cycle-regulated attachment of the ubiquitin-related protein SUMO to the yeast septins. Molecular characterization of CDC42 , a Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene involved in the development of cell polarity.
The Saccharomyces cerevisiae MYO2 gene encodes an essential myosin for vectorial transport of vesicles. Robust polarity establishment occurs via an endocytosis-based cortical corralling mechanism. Septin ring assembly requires concerted action of polarisome components, a PAK kinase Cla4p, and the actin cytoskeleton in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Interactions among Rax1p, Rax2p, Bud8p, and Bud9p in marking cortical sites for bipolar bud-site selection in yeast. Bud4 mediates the cell-type-specific assembly of the axial landmark in budding yeast. Role of actin and Myo2p in polarized secretion and growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Spatial control of Cdc42 activation determines cell width in fission yeast.
Artificial tethering to nuclear pores promotes partitioning of extrachromosomal DNA during yeast asymmetric cell division. Lessons learned from studies of fission yeast mating-type switching and silencing. The Bud14p-Glc7p complex functions as a cortical regulator of dynein in budding yeast.
Phosphorylation of Bem2p and Bem3p may contribute to local activation of Cdc42p at bud emergence. Bni1p implicated in cytoskeletal control is a putative target of Rho1p small GTP binding protein in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Interaction between a Ras and a Rho GTPase couples selection of a growth site to the development of cell polarity in yeast.
Distinct domains of yeast cortical tag proteins Bud8p and Bud9p confer polar localization and functionality.
Calcineurin ensures a link between the DNA replication checkpoint and microtubule-dependent polarized growth. Modeling vesicle traffic reveals unexpected consequences for Cdc42p-mediated polarity establishment.
Pheromone response in yeast: association of Bem1p with proteins of the MAP kinase cascade and actin. Overlapping and distinct functions for cofilin, coronin and Aip1 in actin dynamics in vivo. The Tem1 small GTPase controls actomyosin and septin dynamics during cytokinesis. Lo Presti. Polarization of diploid daughter cells directed by spatial cues and GTP hydrolysis of cdc42 in budding yeast.
Septin-dependent compartmentalization of the endoplasmic reticulum during yeast polarized growth. Phosphatidylethanolamine is required for normal cell morphology and cytokinesis in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Mutagenesis of the putative sterol-sensing domain of yeast Niemann Pick C-related protein reveals a primordial role in subcellular sphingolipid distribution.
The Rho-GEF Rom2p localizes to sites of polarized cell growth and participates in cytoskeletal functions in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Endocytosis optimizes the dynamic localization of membrane proteins that regulate cortical polarity. A localized GTPase exchange factor, Bud5, determines the orientation of division axes in yeast. New end take off: regulating cell polarity during the fission yeast cell cycle.
Tea4p links microtubule plus ends with the formin for3p in the establishment of cell polarity. Role of septins and the exocyst complex in the function of hydrolytic enzymes responsible for fission yeast cell separation. Yeast src homology region 3 domain-binding proteins involved in bud formation. Functional characterization of the fission yeast phosphatidylserine synthase gene, pps1, reveals novel cellular functions for phosphatidylserine.
Latrunculin A delays anaphase onset in fission yeast by disrupting an Ase1-independent pathway controlling mitotic spindle stability. Applications of a theory of biological pattern formation based on lateral inhibition.
A safeguard mechanism regulates Tho GTPases to coordinate cytokinesis with the establishment of cell polarity. Cdc42p GTPase is involved in controlling polarized cell growth in Schizosaccharomyces pombe.
Growth in cell length in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Late-G1 cyclin-CDK activity is essential for control of cell morphogenesis in budding yeast. A spatial gradient coordinates cell size and mitotic entry in fission yeast. Identification of two type V myosins in fission yeast, one of which functions in polarized cell growth and moves rapidly in the cell.
Specific sterols required for the internalization step of endocytosis in yeast. Rho1-GEFs Rgf1 and Rgf2 are involved in formation of cell wall and septum, while Rgf3 is involved in cytokinesis in fission yeast. The small GTP-binding protein Rho1 is a multifunctional protein that regulates actin localization, cell polarity, and septum formation in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Pob1 ensures cylindrical cell shape by coupling two distinct rho signaling events during secretory vesicle targeting.
Mannosylinositol phosphorylceramide is a major sphingolipid component and is required for proper localization of plasma-membrane proteins in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. A Cdc24p-Far1p-Gbetagamma protein complex required for yeast orientation during mating.
Daughter cell identity emerges from the interplay of Cdc42, septins, and exocytosis. Role of septins in the orientation of forespore membrane extension during sporulation in fission yeast. Regulation of Gic2 localization and function by phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate during the establishment of cell polarity in budding yeast. Exo-endocytic trafficking and the septin-based diffusion barrier are required for the maintenance of Cdc42p polarization during budding yeast asymmetric growth.
A system of counteracting feedback loops regulates Cdc42p activity during spontaneous cell polarization. The cell-end factor pom1p inhibits mid1p in specification of the cell division plane in fission yeast. Localization of Bud2p, a GTPase-activating protein necessary for programming cell polarity in yeast to the presumptive bud site.
Microinjection of recombinant p21rho induces rapid changes in cell morphology. Role of actin polymerization and actin cables in actin-patch movement in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Identification of Kel1p, a kelch domain-containing protein involved in cell fusion and morphology in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Tropomyosin-containing actin cables direct the Myo2p-dependent polarized delivery of secretory vesicles in budding yeast. Identification of yeast Rho1p GTPase as a regulatory subunit of 1,3-beta-glucan synthase.
Analysis of cell-cycle specific localization of the Rdi1p RhoGDI and the structural determinants required for Cdc42p membrane localization and clustering at sites of polarized growth. Pob1 participates in the Cdc42 regulation of fission yeast actin cytoskeleton. The Yck2 yeast casein kinase 1 isoform shows cell cycle-specific localization to sites of polarized growth and is required for proper septin organization.
Selection of axial growth sites in yeast requires Axl2p, a novel plasma membrane glycoprotein. Polarized growth in the absence of F-actin in Saccharomyces cerevisiae exiting quiescence. Transbilayer phospholipid flipping regulates Cdc42p signaling during polarized cell growth via Rga GTPase-activating proteins.
Role of microtubules and tea1p in establishment and maintenance of fission yeast cell polarity. The role of cell cycle-regulated expression in the localization of spatial landmark proteins in yeast. Septins, under Cla4p regulation, and the chitin ring are required for neck integrity in budding yeast.
The cytokinesis of budding yeast begins at G1 phase. It also chooses its division plane at the beginning of the cell cycle. Moreover, budding yeast is believed to exist mostly as a diploid, unlike fission yeast. Budding yeast has a round shape. In budding yeast, microtubules are dispensable for cell polarization.
Budding yeast avoids using previous division sites for the formation of the daughter bud since it causes cell lethality. Therefore, it selects a new site for growth. Fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe is a yeast species that reproduces through fission.
During the division, fission yeast forms a septum or cell plate at the midpoint of the cell and divides it into two equal daughter cells. Similar to budding yeast, fission yeast is also a popular model eukaryote. It is stable as haploid. The cells of fission yeast are rod-shaped. In fission yeast, microtubules play a critical role in marking cell poles for growth by depositing landmarks. Unlike budding yeast, fission yeast uses the previous division site as new growth site.
Different models of cell cycle regulation converged when scientists realized that different model organisms shared the same molecules.
See how data from frogs and yeast were reconciled. Comments Close. The Comment you have entered exceeds the maximum length. Submit Cancel. Comments Please Post Your Comment. No comments yet. Save Note Note. Save Cancel Delete. Next Prev Close Edit Delete.
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